في هذا الفيديو سوف نرى تقنيات كتابة منهجية لموضوع تعبير في اللغة الانجليزية عن تكنولوجيا تحليل التلوث الهوائي The basic technology for analyzing air pollution, سوف تتعلم أهم الأساليب التي تساعدك على أن تكتب مقالة ممنهجة بسهولة دون أخطاء في وقت قليل, تعليم تقنيات كتابة مقدمة وموضوع وخاتمة التعبير المدرسي في اللغة الانجليزية عن تكنولوجيا تحليل التلوث الهوائي The basic technology for analyzing air pollution, أفضل وسيلة لتعلم اللغة الانجليزية هي الكتابة, التعبير الموضوع مقالة مدرسية how to write English essay and articles easily without mistakes, this vidoe will teach you how to write methodically an essay in English easily and quickly تعلم كيف تكتب مقالات باللغة الانجليزية بسرعة وسهولة.
Learn English online with the help of this free website from the British Council with games, stories, listening activities and grammar exercises. Learn English offers English grammar and extensive British English vocabulary sections along with a free English magazine and diary, games, lessons and tests Improve your English grammar, speaking, listening, reading, and vocabulary. Free resources to help you learn English, including phrase guide and vocabulary lists with sound, forums, and shop The basic technology for analyzing air pollution is through the use of a variety of mathematical models for predicting the transport of air pollutants in the lower atmosphere. The principal methodologies are:
Point source dispersion, used for industrial sources.
Line source dispersion, used for airport and roadway air dispersion modeling
Area source dispersion, used for forest fires or duststorms
Photochemical models, used to analyze reactive pollutants that form smog
Visualization of a buoyant Gaussian air pollution dispersion plume as used in many atmospheric dispersion models
The point source problem is the best understood, since it involves simpler mathematics and has been studied for a long period of time, dating back to about the year 1900. It uses a Gaussian dispersion model for buoyant pollution plumes to forecast the air pollution isopleths, with consideration given to wind velocity, stack height, emission rate and stability class (a measure of atmospheric turbulence).[62][63] This model has been extensively validated and calibrated with experimental data for all sorts of atmospheric conditions.
The roadway air dispersion model was developed starting in the late 1950s and early 1960s in response to requirements of the National Environmental Policy Act and the U.S. Department of Transportation (then known as the Federal Highway Administration) to understand impacts of proposed new highways upon air quality, especially in urban areas. Several research groups were active in this model development, among which were: the Environmental Research and Technology (ERT) group in Lexington, Massachusetts, the ESL Inc. group in Sunnyvale and California, California Air Resources Board group in Sacramento, California. The research of the ESL group received a boost with a contract award from the United States Environmental Protection Agency to validate a line source model using sulfur hexafluoride as a tracer gas. This program was successful in validating the line source model developed by ESL inc. Some of the earliest uses of the model were in court cases involving highway air pollution, the Arlington, Virginia portion of Interstate 66 and the New Jersey Turnpike widening project through East Brunswick, New Jersey.
Area source models were developed in 1971 through 1974 by the ERT and ESL groups, but addressed a smaller fraction of total air pollution emissions, so that their use and need was not as widespread as the line source model, which enjoyed hundreds of different applications as early as the 1970s. Similarly photochemical models were developed primarily in the 1960s and 1970s, but their use was more specialized and for regional needs, such as understanding smog formation in Los Angeles, California.
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